This study explores how the convergence of drones and artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming modern warfare, particularly in terms of operational structures and battlefield ecosystems. Drawing on three key conflicts—the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh War, the 2022 Russia–Ukraine War, and the 2023 Israel–Hamas War—it analyzes the evolution of drones into multi-domain platforms used for reconnaissance, strikes, and psychological operations. The integration of AI-based target analysis has emerged as a critical technology for achieving temporal and informational superiority. North Korea is also leveraging drone capabilities and reportedly gaining operational experience through cooperation with Russia. In response, South Korea must accelerate the development of drone-specific air defense systems and transition strategically toward AI-based combat operations. This study offers a strategic framework for reconfiguring national security.

본 연구는 선슬기 박사가 연구한 논문으로, 이화여자대학교 통일학연구원 『Journal of Peace and Unification』 Vol.15 No.2 [2025]에 「The Rise of Drone Warfare and South Korea’s Strategic Tasks: Focusing on Drone Air Defense Systems and AI-Based Combat Platforms」라는 주제로 게재된 논문입니다.